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    Chinese Grammar

    Emphasizing the doer with 由 (yóu) meaning "by"

    HSK 4
    Emphasis
    Topic & Focus

    Structure

    由 + Person/Entity + Verb Phrase

    Explanation

    由 (yóu) is a preposition meaning "by" that emphasizes who is responsible for performing an action. It draws attention to the agent or doer, often in contexts involving decisions, responsibilities, or assignments. This structure is more formal than typical word order and highlights agency.

    Examples

    • 这个项目由李经理负责。

      zhège xiàngmù yóu Lǐ jīnglǐ fùzé.

      This project is Manager Li's responsibility.

    • 今晚的晚餐由我来做吧。

      jīnwǎn de wǎncān yóu wǒ lái zuò ba.

      Let me make tonight's dinner.

    • 会议的时间由大家一起决定。

      huìyì de shíjiān yóu dàjiā yìqǐ juédìng.

      The meeting time will be decided by everyone together.

    Emphasizing the doer with 由 (yóu) meaning "by" | Chinese Grammar