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Using the adverbial particle 地 (de)
HSK 2Description & Modification
Manner & Method
Structure
Modifier + 地 + Verb
Explanation
地 (de) is an adverbial particle that links a descriptive modifier to a verb, indicating the manner in which an action is carried out. It replaces 的 when the modifier describes a verb rather than a noun. This distinction between 地 (adverbial) and 的 (attributive) is important in written Chinese.
Examples
雨轻轻地打在窗户上。
Yǔ qīngqīng de dǎ zài chuānghù shàng.
The rain gently pattered against the window.
她慢慢地走进了教室。
Tā mànmàn de zǒu jìn le jiàoshì.
She slowly walked into the classroom.
他紧张地看着手机屏幕，等待着消息。
Tā jǐnzhāng de kàn zhe shǒujī píngmù, děngdài zhe xiāoxī.
He nervously stared at his phone screen, waiting for the message.