考试 (kǎoshì) means "exam" or "test" and is the standard term for formal examinations in academic and professional settings. It can function as both a noun and a verb, as in 参加考试 (take an exam) or 考试很难 (the exam is difficult).
明天有一场数学考试,我得好好复习。
míngtiān yǒu yī chǎng shùxué kǎoshì, wǒ děi hǎohǎo fùxí.
There's a math exam tomorrow; I need to review well.
这次考试的题目比上次难多了。
Zhè cì kǎoshì de tímù bǐ shàng cì nán duō le.
The questions on this exam were much harder than last time.
考试结束以后,我们去看电影吧。
Kǎoshì jiéshù yǐhòu, wǒmen qù kàn diànyǐng ba.
After the exam is over, let's go see a movie.