Chinese Grammar Reference logo

    Chinese Grammar

    Expressing 'by' or agency with 由 (yóu)

    Manner & Method
    Passive & Receiving

    Structure

    由 + Agent + Verb Phrase

    Explanation

    The preposition 由 (yóu) introduces the agent or source of an action, similar to 'by' in English passive constructions. It is used in formal contexts to indicate who is responsible for, leads, or initiates something.

    Examples

    • 这个项目由李经理全权负责。

      zhège xiàngmù yóu Lǐ jīnglǐ quánquán fùzé.

      This project is entirely the responsibility of Manager Li.

    • 会议由公司总裁亲自主持。

      huìyì yóu gōngsī zǒngcái qīnzì zhǔchí.

      The meeting is personally chaired by the company president.

    • 调查工作将由专业团队来完成。

      diàochá gōngzuò jiāng yóu zhuānyè tuánduì lái wánchéng.

      The investigation work will be completed by a professional team.

    Expressing 'by' or agency with 由 (yóu) | Chinese Grammar