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Expressing "etc." with noun 等 (děng)
HSK 3Listing & Enumeration
Structure
Item₁、Item₂ + 等 + Category Noun
Explanation
The noun form of 等 (děng) follows a list of examples to indicate incompleteness, meaning "and so on" or "et cetera." It is commonly used in both spoken and written Chinese to keep lists open-ended. For example, 北京、上海等城市 means "cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, etc."
Examples
中国有很多名山，比如泰山、黄山等。
Zhōngguó yǒu hěn duō míng shān, bǐrú Tài Shān, Huáng Shān děng.
China has many famous mountains, such as Mount Tai, Mount Huang, and so on.
英语、法语、西班牙语等语言都很有用。
Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ děng yǔyán dōu hěn yǒuyòng.
Languages such as English, French, and Spanish are all very useful.
茶、咖啡等饮料对他来说都不能少。
Chá, kāfēi děng yǐnliào duì tā lái shuō dōu bù néng shǎo.
Drinks like tea and coffee are all indispensable for him.